Some Legal Problems Seen in Polygamist Families after the Acceptance of 1926 Civil Code (Rize Sample)

The Turkish Civil Code, which entered into force in 1926, represents a great change in Turkish law history. Turkish civil code based on purely Shari'a law till that date has turned into a secular identity. This has created some contradictions between the social practices that were built around the old legal norms and the order in which the new law tried to build. Polygamy, which was legitimate under the old law, but which was prohibited in the new law, can be viewed as one of these contrasts. For example, what would happen to a family created by the union of one man with two or more women before 1926 was a major problem. For the sake of these and similar problems, after the adoption of the Civil Code, a law on the application of this law was issued and it was accepted that marriages made in the old way were just as valid. Thus, in the process of transition to the new law, the old polygamist family structure became grounded on a legitimate floor. However, the problems experienced in such families in daily life did not stop from passing on to the courts that applied the new law. This study intends to point out some of the legal problems seen in polygamy after the Turkish Civil Code, adopted in 1926, through the examples found in the court archive, which is an unused source in the history of law history. One aspect of the work is to be able to demonstrate the importance of court archives that can be used as a source in the writing of our social history of the near future

Destructive invasion of the clavicle by desmoid tumor: a case report

Desmoid tumors are rare, soft-tissue neoplasms that do not metastasize, but exhibit aggressive growth and local invasion.They originate most frequently from abdominal fascial structures, although they can also appear at extra-abdominal sites. The most common extra-abdominal locations include the shoulder, chest wall, back, thigh, and head and neck. In children, desmoid tumors are more infiltrative, having a tendency towards osseous involvement more frequently than in adult patients. We report acase of a supraspinatus muscle desmoid tumor in a female patient with clavicle destruction

The role of dislocation-induced scattering in electronic transport in GaxIn1-xN alloys

Abstract Electronic transport in unintentionally doped GaxIn1-xN alloys with various Ga concentrations (x = 0.06, 0.32 and 0.52) is studied. Hall effect measurements are performed at temperatures between 77 and 300 K. Temperature dependence of carrier mobility is analysed by an analytical formula based on two-dimensional degenerate statistics by taking into account all major scattering mechanisms for a two-dimensional electron gas confined in a triangular quantum well between GaxIn1-xN epilayer and GaN buffer. Experimental results show that as the Ga concentration increases, mobility not only decreases drastically but also becomes less temperature dependent. Carrier density is almost temperature independent and tends to increase with increasing Ga concentration. The weak temperature dependence of the mobility may be attributed to screening of polar optical phonon scattering at high temperatures by the high free carrier concentration, which is at the order of 1014 cm−2. In our analytical model, the dislocation density is used as an adjustable parameter for the best fit to the experimental results. Our results reveal that in the samples with lower Ga compositions and carrier concentrations, alloy and interface roughness scattering are the dominant scattering mechanisms at low temperatures, while at high temperatures, optical phonon scattering is the dominant mechanism. In the samples with higher Ga compositions and carrier concentrations, however, dislocation scattering becomes more significant and suppresses the effect of longitudinal optical phonon scattering at high temperatures, leading to an almost temperature-independent behaviour.</jats:p

Investigation of the expression levels of CPEB4, APC, TRIP13, EIF2S3, EIF4A1, IFNg, PIK3CA and CTNNB1 genes in different stage colorectal tumors

Background/aim: The aim of the study is to assess expression levels of CPEB4, APC, TRIP13, EIF2S3, EIF4A1, IFNg, PIK3CA and CTNNB1 genes in tumors and peripheral bloods of colorectal cancer patients in stages I–IV. Materials and methods: The mRNA levels of the genes were determined in tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples of 45 colorectal cancer patients and colon tissues and peripheral blood samples of 5 healthy individuals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for the analysis. Results: The mRNA level of the CPEB4 gene was significantly downregulated in colorectal tumor tissues and was upregulated in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients relative to the controls (P < 0.05). APC mRNA level was significantly downregulated in tissues and upregulated in the peripheral blood (P < 0.05). TRIP13 mRNA level was upregulated in peripheral blood and also significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor tissues (P < 0.05). EIF2S3 mRNA level was upregulated in tissues and also significantly upregulated in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). PIK3CA mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and upregulated in peripheral blood. EIF4A1 mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and significantly upregulated in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). CTNNB1 mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and upregulated in peripheral blood. IFNg mRNA level was upregulated in both colorectal cancer tumor tissues and peripheral blood. Conclusion: TRIP13 and CPEB4 mRNA up regulation in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer may be a potential target for early stage diagnosis. In addition to this evaluation, although there is not much study on EIF2S3 and EIF4A1 mRNA changes in cases with colorectal cancer, upregulation in peripheral blood draws attention in our study. These data will shed light on the new comprehensive studies

Acceptor formation in Mg-doped, indium-rich Ga x In1−xN: evidence for p-type conductivity

We report on the Mg-doped, indium-rich GaxIn1-xN (x 150 K, is determined by the longitudinal-optical phonon scattering together with the thermal regeneration of non-equilibrium minority carriers from traps with an average depth of 103 +/- 15 meV. This value is close to the Mg binding energy in GaInN. The complementary measurements of transient photoluminescence at liquid He temperatures give the e-A0 binding energy of approximately 100 meV. Furthermore, Hall measurements in the Mg-doped material also indicate an activated behaviour with an acceptor binding energy of 108 +/- 20 meV

Yem Bezelyesinin Farklı Oranlarda Arpa ve Buğday ile Birlikte Yetiştirilmesinin Silaj Kalitesine Etkisi

Birlikte üretim hem çevresel hem de ekonomik açıdan çeşitli avantajlar sunarak tarımın geleceğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini güven altına almaya çalışan tarımsal üretim modelidir. Bu çalışmada, tek yıllık baklagil yem bitkilerinden yem bezelyesinin, serin iklim buğdaygil bitkilerinden arpa ve yulaf ile farklı oranlarda (%100, %75, %50, %25) birlikte yetiştirilmesinin silaj kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; silajların kuru madde (KM) oranı %26.47-35.39, pH değeri 4.07-4.39, flieg puanı 29.93-42.63, ham protein (HP) oranı %6.74-16.75, nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) oranı %42.33-60.57, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranı %32.15-43.81, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) oranı %1.98-2.84, sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM) oranı %54.77-63.85 ve nispi yem değeri (NYD) 85.52-140.67 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Saf yem bezelyesinin buğday ve arpa ile farklı oranlarda yapılan silajlarda flieg puanı ve kuru madde içeriklerinin arttığı, pH değerinin ise düştüğü, silaj kalitesinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, düşük ham protein oranına sahip serin iklim buğdaygillerin yem bezelyesi ile silolanmasının potansiyel beslenme değerini iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir

An analysis of Hall mobility in as-grown and annealed n- and p-type modulation-doped GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells

In this study, we investigate the effect of annealing and nitrogen amount on electronic transport properties in n- and p-type-doped Ga(0.68)In(0.32)N(y)As(1 − y)/GaAs quantum well (QW) structures with y = 0%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.7%. The samples are thermal annealed at 700°C for 60 and 600 s, and Hall effect measurements have been performed between 10 and 300 K. Drastic decrease is observed in the electron mobility of n-type N-containing samples due to the possible N-induced scattering mechanisms and increasing effect mass of the alloy. The temperature dependence of electron mobility has an almost temperature insensitive characteristic, whereas for p-type samples hole mobility is decreased drastically at T > 120 K. As N concentration is increased, the hole mobility also increased as a reason of decreasing lattice mismatch. Screening effect of N-related alloy scattering over phonon scattering in n-type samples may be the reason of the temperature-insensitive electron mobility. At low temperature regime, hole mobility is higher than electron mobility by a factor of 3 to 4. However, at high temperatures (T > 120 K), the mobility of p-type samples is restricted by the scattering of the optical phonons. Because the valance band discontinuity is smaller compared to the conduction band, thermionic transport of holes from QW to the barrier material, GaAs, also contributes to the mobility at high temperatures that results in a decrease in mobility. The hole mobility results of as-grown samples do not show a systematic behavior, while annealed samples do, depending on N concentration. Thermal annealing does not show a significant improvement of electron mobility

Characterization of greater middle eastern genetic variation for enhanced disease gene discovery

The Greater Middle East (GME) has been a central hub of human migration and population admixture. The tradition of consanguinity, variably practiced in the Persian Gulf region, North Africa, and Central Asia1-3, has resulted in an elevated burden of recessive disease4. Here we generated a whole-exome GME variome from 1,111 unrelated subjects. We detected substantial diversity and admixture in continental and subregional populations, corresponding to several ancient founder populations with little evidence of bottlenecks. Measured consanguinity rates were an order of magnitude above those in other sampled populations, and the GME population exhibited an increased burden of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) but showed no evidence for reduced burden of deleterious variation due to classically theorized ‘genetic purging’. Applying this database to unsolved recessive conditions in the GME population reduced the number of potential disease-causing variants by four- to sevenfold. These results show variegated genetic architecture in GME populations and support future human genetic discoveries in Mendelian and population genetics